Why Oral Health Matters for Overall Well-Being

As a nutritionist, I’ve seen firsthand how proper chewing is the first step to good digestion, and it is well-known that good digestion is one of the foundations of good health. When food is broken down properly, the body absorbs nutrients more efficiently, fueling everything from energy levels to immune function. But what many people overlook is just how vital good oral health is to this process and, indeed, to many others. The state of the mouth doesn’t just determine how well someone chews; it also plays a role in overall well-being. 

Poor dental hygiene can silently impact basic things from heart health to inflammation, yet simple habits like brushing and flossing, plus regular check-ups, can make a world of difference. Let’s explore how oral health is more than just about preventing tooth decay and how we can have healthy mouths this World Oral Health Day.

Why is the mouth so important for health?

The mouth hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, which help maintain both oral and overall health. This might sound odd considering we see viruses as dangerous to health, however, the body needs a certain balance of microorganisms to function properly.

However, when the balance of oral microbiota is disrupted, a condition called microbial dysbiosis can see harmful pathogens evading the immune system and leading to various health problems.

Research has linked oral microorganisms to systemic diseases, including heart, lung, stomach, kidney conditions, and diabetes. Among oral diseases, gum disease has been strongly tied to an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, and complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight in babies.

Gum disease

Poor dental care can result in gum disease, also known as periodontitis. This happens when plaque, a sticky layer of bacteria, builds up on teeth and isn’t removed properly. Plaque can cause redness and swelling in the gums, which is called gingivitis, and is the early stage of gum disease. If gingivitis isn’t treated, it can develop into periodontitis, where gums recede, teeth can loosen or fall out, and the bones supporting the teeth may become damaged. Gum disease is a leading cause of tooth decay and loss in adults.

Heart disease

Research shows that individuals with unhealthy teeth and gums are at a higher risk of developing heart problems, such as heart disease and stroke. This happens because bacteria from gum disease can enter the bloodstream, raising the risk of blood clots, heart infections like endocarditis, and inflammation in blood vessels from atherosclerosis, a condition where arteries harden and become clogged with plaque.

Diabetes

Poor oral care allows bacteria to cause gum infections, leading to swelling and inflammation. For someone with diabetes, this inflammation can make it harder for the body to control blood sugar levels, which complicates managing the disease. High blood sugar can cause more bacteria to grow in the mouth, increasing the chance of gum disease and infections. In serious cases, people with diabetes may develop periodontal disease, making the relationship between periodontitis (gum disease) and diabetes bidirectional, meaning they influence each other.

Respiratory issues

Bacteria in the mouth can travel to the lungs when inhaled, leading to respiratory problems like pneumonia. This is especially dangerous for older adults and individuals with weaker immune systems, as they are more likely to develop these infections. Good oral hygiene, like brushing and flossing, and visiting the dentist or dental hygienist regularly helps reduce harmful bacteria and lowers the chances of lung infections.

Oral cancers

Poor oral hygiene can lead to serious problems, including oral cancer. Smoking, drinking alcohol, and genetics are major causes, but ignoring proper oral care over time can also raise the risk. Long-term gum inflammation and untreated sores in the mouth may eventually turn into cancer. Oral cancer can develop in the lips, tongue, cheeks, or throat. Early signs like sores that don’t heal, bad breath that won’t go away, or trouble swallowing are often overlooked. Regular visits to the dentist or dental hygienist are important because they can help catch signs of oral cancer early.

How can I protect my oral health?

Health risks relating to oral hygiene can often be avoided with the right habits. Teeth should be brushed twice daily using toothpaste to get rid of plaque. 

• Floss daily with dental floss or a water flosser to clean between teeth where a toothbrush can’t reach.
• Schedule dental checkups regularly, ideally every six months.
• Avoid tobacco products to reduce the risk of oral cancer and gum disease.
• Eat a balanced diet and limit sugary foods and drinks to help prevent cavities and gum problems. 

What are the signs of poor oral hygiene?

Recognizing the early signs of bad oral health can be helpful to nip it in the bud before it turns into a bigger problem. 

• Bleeding gums
• Persistent bad breath
• Loose teeth
• Chronic dry mouth may suggest gum disease or respiratory issues, especially if swallowing becomes difficult.
• Oral sores that don’t heal

Regular dentist visits and a good oral health care routine help keep teeth and gums healthy while also supporting overall health. Focusing on preventing and treating dental problems means a healthy smile and healthy lifestyle for years to come.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should I floss before or after brushing?

It is recommended to floss before brushing to remove any food debris or plaque from in between the teeth. This allows for the toothpaste and fluoride in your toothbrush to better reach all surfaces of your teeth.

Are you supposed to brush your gums?

Yes. Plaque and bacteria can build up along the gum line, leading to gum disease and other oral health issues. Be sure to gently brush along the gum line in addition to your teeth for a thorough cleaning.

Can you reverse poor oral hygiene?

Yes, it is possible to reverse the effects of poor oral hygiene depending on how far it has progressed. Catching it early is key.

How long should you brush your teeth?

The American Dental Association recommends brushing for two minutes twice a day. This ensures that you are thoroughly cleaning all surfaces of your teeth and removing any plaque or food debris.